Tag Archives: Star Trek

Spock, McCoy, and the Lesson We Got Wrong

I have been thinking lately about Spock and McCoy, and the strange legacy of one of the most famous relationships in Star Trek.

Even for people who no longer remember much of The Original Series—or never saw it—the cultural shorthand is familiar: McCoy, the passionate human doctor, needling or even berating Spock, the “logical” Vulcan. Spock responds with the raised eyebrow, the pointed ears, and the supposedly emotionless calm. Kirk stands in the middle, representing the familiar formula of human balance between logic and feeling.

It was funny. It was entertaining. It was also, looking back, much more troubling than we were encouraged to see at the time.

What people should have taken from Leonard Nimoy’s Spock was not that logic makes a person cold, robotic, detached, or unable to understand ordinary human decency. The point of Spock—at least as Nimoy played him—was that he felt deeply. He was not a blank calculator. He was someone constantly working to control powerful feelings: loneliness, divided identity, loyalty, fear, grief, love, pride, shame, and pain.

The restraint was the point. The interior life was the point.

Nimoy did extraordinarily subtle work. A glance, a pause, a slight shift in his voice, the rare breaking of that controlled exterior: those things carried enormous emotional weight precisely because they were rare. Spock’s loyalty to Kirk, his concern for the crew, his discomfort with his divided heritage, and his willingness to sacrifice himself were not incidental details. They were the character.

And yet popular memory somehow turned him into the cultural mascot for something very different: the person who has facts but no heart. The most vocal proponent of this stereotype was Dr. McCoy.

“You wouldn’t know what to do with a genuine, warm, decent feeling.”

That was Dr. McCoy berating Mr. Spock. It is not a paraphrase. McCoy actually says it to Spock in “Bread and Circuses,” following it with the accusation that Spock is “more afraid of living” because he might let his human side show.

It is a striking line—not because it is profound, but because it captures the ugly core of McCoy’s recurring posture toward Spock. McCoy is not merely telling Spock that an analysis has missed a human cost. He is telling him that because he is Vulcan, restrained, and analytical, he is unable to understand decency, warmth, and love.

And again, this was not a one-off. This is merely one example of McCoy’s all too predictable, public accusations and insults directed toward Spock. To put it bluntly, Spock tolerated a LOT of shit from McCoy.

That was McCoy’s deep flaw. He often treated Spock’s difference as deficiency. He mistook unfamiliar emotional expression for an absence of emotion. Worse, he treated human emotional style as the standard by which moral worth should be judged.

McCoy could have said, “Spock, your calculation may be accurate, but I think it leaves out the human cost.” That would have been legitimate. It would have been useful. Somebody should say that in any serious decision.

Instead, too often, the message was: “You are cold because you are logical. You are less capable of decency because you are not emotionally like me.”

That is not a defense of humanity. It is human exceptionalism. And it is simply wrong.

The Vulcans were never emotionless machines waiting for humans to teach them how to feel. If anything, their emotions were meant to be so powerful and dangerous that they developed an entire civilization around controlling them. Vulcan logic was not a failure to feel. It was a response to feeling too much, and to recognizing that anger, fear, tribalism, pride, and impulse can destroy a civilization when left unchecked.

That should have been a useful lesson. Instead, the public often absorbed the opposite one: emotions are what make us human, so someone who restrains or regulates emotion must be less human, less compassionate, less trustworthy, and perhaps morally suspect.

I have run into that attitude constantly in my writing, particularly in Pandemic of Delusion, and in talks about fact-based thinking. I will argue that we should care about what is true, that we should distinguish evidence from assertion, that good intentions do not excuse false claims, and that compassion is not enough if the beliefs motivating it are wrong.

And sooner or later, someone inevitably invokes Spock.

Not usually in a thoughtful way. Not as a serious discussion of the tension between values, facts, and making decisions under uncertainty. Rather, “Spock-like” is invoked as a warning: evidence-based thinking will turn you into a cold person who cannot understand ordinary human feeling.

It is one of the more frustrating cultural reflexes I have encountered. It allows people to evade the actual question—whether something is true, whether an intervention works, whether a claimed cause really produces the supposed effect—by turning the person asking for evidence into a character problem. The implication is that concern for facts means lack of concern for people.

But facts are not the opposite of compassion. They are the opposite of falsehood.

If we care about people, we should care whether our beliefs are accurate. We should care whether an emotional solution actually helps or merely makes us feel as though we have helped. We should care whether a frightening claim is real, whether a treatment works, whether a policy reduces harm, whether an anecdote represents a genuine pattern, and whether a comforting explanation is actually just another delusion.

Emotion can tell us that something matters. It can alert us to suffering, injustice, danger, loss, attachment, and values. But it cannot tell us, by itself, what is true. It cannot tell us whether a vaccine is dangerous, whether a conspiracy is real, whether a miracle cure works, whether a political claim is accurate, or whether the policy we favor will have the result we hope for.

The fact that this needs saying at all is part of the problem.

The better lesson of Spock was never that emotion is bad. Nor was it that logic alone can answer every question. Logic cannot tell us what we should value. It cannot tell us whose suffering matters, or what sacrifices are morally acceptable. But neither can emotion tell us which beliefs are true. It cannot make a false claim true because we feel it deeply enough.

Spock and McCoy should have represented two different cautions. Spock should have reminded us that desire, outrage, fear, and loyalty are not evidence. McCoy should have reminded us that calculation can conceal real human costs and unexamined moral choices.

Instead, McCoy’s contempt became part of the cultural memory, while Nimoy’s remarkable portrayal was flattened into a stereotype. “Spock” became shorthand for coldness. “Human” became shorthand for emotional superiority. And fact-based thinking became entangled with a ridiculous fear that caring about reality somehow means caring less about people.

What makes this more than an old television complaint is that the shorthand escaped the show. Many people using “Spock-like” today are not carefully recalling an episode of Star Trek. Some may never have watched The Original Series at all. They carry only the cultural residue: pointed ears, raised eyebrow, logic, coldness, emotional deficiency.

The original show is old. Much of it is dated. Many of its stories are barely remembered except by diehard fans. But the stereotype survived because it became so very useful. It became a quick way to accuse someone of being insufficiently human without having to show that they were wrong.

That is what stuck. Not Spock’s loyalty, restraint, courage, humor, grief, divided identity, or willingness to sacrifice himself for others. Not Nimoy’s portrayal of a person with a rich interior life who refused to let feeling become a substitute for judgment. What stuck was McCoy’s arrogance, bigotry, and contempt for the idea that someone who thinks carefully can also care deeply.

McCoy’s contempt for logic took a lasting hold on our cultural imagination. Spock’s introspective subtlety, and his respect for facts and reason, did not.

What was lost was Nimoy’s Spock: a person who felt deeply, endured difference, valued truth, understood duty, loved loyally, and tried—often imperfectly—not to let anger, fear, wishful thinking, or tribal attachment determine what was real.

That is not a cold ideal. It may be one of the most humane ideals there is.

And it is a shame that so many people inherited the insult while missing the lesson.

Star Trek Reality Check

Star Trek and Star Wars offer visions of the future that have become so familiar that it’s all too easy to over-credit the plausibility of the technologies they present. But how much of what they depict is plausible science fiction and how much is implausible science fantasy?

Modern physics is incomplete, but not in the sense that it’s going to casually overturn core constraints like the light‑speed limit, energy conservation, or causality. Any future theory will still be bounded by those hard limits where we’ve already measured them to absurd precision. So betting that some future “breakthrough” will make Star Trek‑style tech real is not cautious skepticism; it’s wishful thinking.

First and most fundamentally, let’s start with the Vulcans visiting Earth. As much as we like to fantasize about technologically advanced aliens visiting us now or ever, to help us or to destroy us, this is implausible. As I discuss in my book (see here) and in this blog article (see here), aliens certainly exist, but they can never visit us. There is only an extremely remote chance that we could ever even detect signs that they existed somewhere, at some time, in the distant past.

Yes, you can always wave your hands and say “maybe some unknown physics will let them come here,” but that’s not reasoning, it’s magical thinking. Given what we already know about distances, speeds, energy, radiation, and biology, the probability that flesh‑and‑blood aliens will ever cross interstellar gulfs and happen to visit us is effectively zero. Not small, not unlikely, but zero.

I wanted to communicate that most strongly as it is so critical to understand. And of course since no alien could possibly ever visit us, it is equally implausible that we could ever visit them. The only remote possibility could be sentient machines who could survive inhumanly long and dangerous journeys. In this sense, the Transformers franchise (those in which organic makers are canon) could be the most plausible science fiction. I also depict such a plausible “space travel” science fiction in my short story The Dandelion Project (see here).

So while virtually everything that follows in Star Trek cannot happen, let’s set aside the basic implausibility of interstellar space travel and look at some of the other fictions that writers concoct to make it all seem plausible once we grant the possibility of space travel.

First, there is warp drive which overcomes the inconvenient reality of time and space. This is science flavored magic. While the physics of faster than light travel may have some plausibility at the mathematical level, it has zero plausibility at practical scale. Faster‑than‑light travel isn’t just “very hard.” It clashes directly with the way spacetime is structured. To get around the speed limit you have to either break causality (allow time travel paradoxes) or rely on enormous quantities of exotic matter that may not exist in any usable form. When a “solution” demands both magic materials and broken causality, that’s not serious speculation, that’s fantasy dressed in equations.

This is similarly true of the magical energy sources that the science fantasy writers concoct to make the fantastic power requirements seem plausible. They construct anti-matter reactors stabilized in a dilithium matrix. Again, even where anti-matter technologies are theoretically plausible they are effectively hopeless in any practical sense. Antimatter is real and ridiculously energy‑dense, but producing and storing it in useful quantities is so far beyond plausible engineering that it may as well be sorcery. Talking about “antimatter reactors” powering star cruisers is like proposing a jet engine that runs on bottled lightning captured in jars. You can write that into a script and make it sound theoretically plausible but you simply cannot build it in this universe.

The implausible power requirements involved in fantasy space travel also apply to weaponry. Hand phasers and similar variations are simply implausible. Directed energy starship weaponry is somewhat plausible, but certainly nowhere remotely near the hull-slicing power depicted in the shows.

And speaking of weaponry, even if hand phasers were plausible, they would at best fire invisible millisecond bursts. Phaser gun fights would never happen. Advanced weaponry would have computer targeting and essentially never miss. One could certainly never “duck” out of the way of an energy beam. A hand‑held weapon that fires at or near light speed, with computerized targeting, does not produce Western‑style shootouts. Once the weapon can lock onto you, your chances of side‑stepping a beam that crosses the distance in microseconds are exactly zero. The only real “dodging” is not being targeted in the first place—and that’s a software and sensor game, not a reflex test.

The same logic destroys the idea of starship dogfights. If you ever had vehicles throwing serious energy around at interplanetary ranges, the fight would be decided by who detected whom first and whose fire control software shot first. It would last seconds, or less, and the human crew would learn the battle was over when the computer informed them that their enemy had been destroyed.

We don’t need to imagine futuristic AI to see the problem. Even today, guidance computers outclass human pilots in reaction speed, precision, and ability to juggle massive sensor inputs. Scale that up to space combat and the idea that a flesh‑and‑blood pilot is “flying” a starship in combat is as quaint as imagining a locomotive engineer sprinting ahead to lay track by hand.

In that vein, there would be no possibility of human (or any organic) navigators or tactical crew members. Computers would certainly handle all the piloting and targeting. There would be no time for a real-time Captain to shout even one order as he’s flung around the bridge. Han Solo would not be able to pilot the Kessel Run safely in even a fraction of the time it would take a computer-controlled ship, if at all. Operating any function of a star ship would not be a job for humans.

As to other technologies, transporters, replicators, “subspace” radios, and hard‑light holograms all have the same problem: each one quietly assumes away a core rule of the universe. They don’t just extrapolate technology; they ask you to believe that information, energy, and matter can be shuffled around with a casual disregard for limits that we’ve already measured in laboratories. That makes for great science fantasy, but it is not remotely plausible science fiction.

But there are a few places where I suspect they get the possibilities more right than wrong, even if only for practical production and storytelling limitations.

There is the plausibility that many alien planets would be so familiar to us. Given that life can only evolve in a very limited set of conditions, and that the rules of physics, chemistry, and evolution are the same throughout the universe, I don’t find it implausible that many environments, and even many alien species, would be quite familiar or at least quickly understandable to us, both morphologically and biologically (see here). Life that can build radio telescopes is probably confined to a very narrow zone of temperatures, chemistry, and environmental stability. Under those shared constraints, evolution is pushed toward a limited set of workable body plans—limbs, mouths, sensory organs. So yes, there are good reasons to think that intelligence elsewhere might evolve a shape that is surprisingly close to our own. That doesn’t mean “humans with cranial ridges,” but it does mean that “unrecognizable swirling gas entities” are probably rarer than TV’s familiar human-like bipeds.

Also, one thing that Star Wars got right was recognizing that in the future all medical diagnoses and procedures would be performed exclusively by medical droids. I can understand that it would take all the fun out of the fiction if they also admitted that Han piloting the Millennium Falcon or Luke manning the gun turrets would be just as obsolete, even with The Force assisting him!

There is a fashionable kind of optimism that treats science as an unbounded well that can eventually make anything possible if we just “don’t close our minds.” That’s not how science works. Science narrows possibilities by discovering hard limits. We don’t say “maybe one day we’ll find a way around conservation of energy” or “maybe light will decide to go faster.” We already know that won’t happen. The technologies I’m calling fantasy aren’t just impractical; they lean on the hope that the universe will overturn its own rules to realize our fantasies.

Just to say, I love these science fantasy shows. If they depicted a more plausible Sol-bound future with computers basically running everything they would be a whole lot less inspiring and engaging. But just as with a good horror or superhero movie, we can love the fantasy while still fully appreciating that it is mostly fantasy.

Often the distinction between science fiction and science fantasy becomes blurred in a world where science seems capable of such magical and limitless achievements, but it is still critical that we recognize science fantasy as just that. If we fail to do so, we become susceptible to imagining that some fantastical future science will save us from actual threats like climate change that demand real solutions right now.

Any Fool Can Do It

SurvivorOn October 9th, 1989, I watched an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation entitled “The Survivors” that made quite an impression on me. In it, Captain Picard and his crew encounter an elderly couple living in an unnatural oasis on a devastated planet. It turns out that the wife is a phantasm, an unknowing replica of the actual wife, now long dead. She was conjured by her husband Kevin, a godlike being who was devoted to her before her death and who has remained so centuries after.

By the way, Kevin was played by the iconic character actor John Anderson (see here). You probably don’t know his name, but if you watched any television from the early 50’s to the early 90’s, you cannot fail to recognize his distinctively Lincoln-esque countenance and voice.

Anyway, at the end Kevin reveals his shameful secret. When the planet he was living on with his wife was attacked by hostile aliens called the Husnock, he tried his best to use his powers to trick or dissuade them. Those efforts failed. Refusing to take any life, even those of the deplorable Husnocks, Kevin stood passively by as they devastated his planet and killed his wife along with the rest of her people.

The anguish of this loss caused him to lose control of himself, releasing a momentary outburst of uncontrolled rage. As Kevin told it:

“I went insane. My hatred exploded, and in an instant of grief, I destroyed the Husnock. I didn’t kill just one Husnock, or a hundred, or a thousand. I killed them all. All Husnock everywhere.”

What touched me was not merely the poignant tale of grief and loss and shame and regret. What touched me was what was implied by the story. What touched me was what else the story of Kevin teaches us.

Take note that Kevin was essentially a god. Unlike Thanos, Kevin didn’t need to expend all the power of the Infinity Gauntlet. It only required one stray thought for Kevin to selectively exterminate billions of lives. He was that powerful.

So after watching this episode, I asked myself the logical question. Given all that power, and given Kevin’s deep love and mourning for his wife, why didn’t he simply think her back into existence? Why didn’t he bring back all her people and restore her planet? In fact, given his deep regret, why didn’t he bring back the Husnock and direct them along a better path? Of course he would have… if he could.

The only answer is, he couldn’t.

So the truth, the revelation, the epiphany for the viewer must be that any fool can destroy. Tearing down is easy. It can be done with one errant thought. But even an omnipotent god cannot easily create. Even one as powerful as Kevin cannot in a million years ever recreate what he can mindlessly destroy in an instant.

We humans are certainly not gods, but in this regard we are the same as Kevin. We can easily, even unthinkingly, break a dish, crush a rose, tear someone down, shoot a gun, dash a hope, take a life, smash a historical relic, burn a building, bomb a city, nuke a country, even devastate a planet. Any fool can destroy. But it is immensely difficult, even impossible, to create or restore any of those things.

And what makes us immeasurably worse than Kevin is when we take pride and joy in destroying. When we believe that destroying makes us powerful. It does not. Any fool can destroy. Fools destroy because it makes them feel powerful.

However, it takes real strength and true genius to create.

This applies not only to physical things but to ideas. Any fool can knock down ideas. Any fool can pick them apart and tear them to pieces.  It takes an exceptional person to conceive new ideas and to build on the ideas of others rather than take delight in crushing them.

And this applies to ideas like Democracy as well as to our institutions. It required generations of strong and wise people to create our democratic ideals and institutions. But it only takes a few short years for a weak-minded and craven fool like Donald Trump to mindlessly tear them all irretrievably asunder. Feeling power and even pride in the “dismantling of the administrative state” – without building something stronger and better upon it – is the work of fools.

And we have no shortage of fools.

What Aliens Look Like

We aren’t likely to ever meet an alien. As I argued in a previous post, although it is a statistical certainty that alien life must exist, the laws of physics simply make it implausibly improbable that they could ever visit us or we them (see here). The most likely way we might learn what aliens once looked like would be if we happen to pick up an interstellar message in a bottle from some distant ancient civilization, their own version of Voyager with candid snapshots and videos from back home.

But we can make educated guesses based on the fundamental design constraints of the elemental building blocks and physical processes that apply throughout the universe. For example, intelligent aliens must have a lower and upper size limit based on fundamental constraints of molecular dimensions and gravity.

We can similarly surmise much more. For example, any intelligent alien species is likely to be highly mobile – for that they require large bursts of energy – for that they require a fluid chemical transfer system – for that they require a variable speed pump controlled by a central nervous system that adjusts the amplitude and frequency of pumping based upon a large amount of sensor data – and that control mechanism would have to be autonomic so that the pumping controller is highly responsive and unaffected by their state of consciousness.

So, intelligent alien species are likely to have circulatory and nervous systems that are mechanically and functionally quite similar to our own. For vision they are likely to have two sensors placed up high for optimum line of sight and depth perception. They are likely to be similarly similar in the design of their other major systems. In short, after looking past superficial differences, alien life would almost certainly be quite familiar to human physicians and biologists.

It would be foolishly egotistical to imagine that all alien life will be exactly like us and the other species present on Earth. Certainly there would be dramatic and astounding variations that we cannot begin to imagine. But it would also be equally foolish to imagine that the bulk of species in the universe would not evolve following much the same processes with much the same results as life here. A human exobiologist could almost certainly be trained to understand, diagnose, and treat almost any form of alien life.

hortaIn Star Trek, after Doctor McCoy got over his initial revulsion (You expect me to treat that thing Jim?!?), he was able to patch up even the exotically alien silicon-based Horta with some simple spackle compound.

But apart from exceptions like the Horta, Star Trek and most every science fiction universe depicts very human-like aliens. This implicit assumption of similarity is made mostly so that alien creatures will be relatable and to make them playable by human actors with minimal make-up and costumes.

AlienBut we create human-like creatures even when there are no technical constraints. The astoundingly terrifying alien created by HR Giger is remarkably human-like with 2 arms, 2 legs, a head, a tail, a mouth, and so on. Despite having acid for blood, his alien follows the evolutionary design model of a human quite closely. It is likely not the case, as many imagine, that such alien depictions represent an unimaginative human conceit and lack of imagination. Rather, it is likely that such physics-defying aliens are actually much more fanciful than evolution is mechanically capable of producing – on any planet.

And let me be clear. Its unfathomably unlikely that any alien could remotely pass as human and walk amongst us undetected – that’s purely a movie fancy as unrealistic as aliens with acid for blood that can eat through feet of metal. However, they will be biologically similar in function if not form. They will not have any superpowers or godlike abilities that defy basic chemistry and physics because they can not. If they can fly they will need wings. And as any dolphin can tell you, there is a fundamental limit to how far they could advance without appendages that allow them to manipulate their environment.

Even many of us who are wise enough to understand that god cannot exist are still far too willing to remain agnostic in insisting that there might be aliens out there with what would effectively be godlike powers.

If my hypothesis of fundamental similarity is true, and I suggest that it must be more true than not, it should encourage us that we’re not actually missing out on as much as we might imagine because we are effectively bed-ridden here on Earth. Aliens would be marvelous to see, but evolution has offered us a pretty representative sampling of the range of life typically found in the universe.

Unless a message in a bottle lands on our Earthly beaches, we’re unlikely to ever know for sure how typical we are. Even then, that would give us only one more example of life. But we can make some pretty good assumptions about the nature of life in the universe without direct experience. And it is likely that the range of actual life in the universe is no where near as wide as our unconstrained imaginations.

So what do aliens look like? Probably a lot more like us than we might imagine.